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Machine Translation and Defense of Localization


In a world full of super-speed translation, it's no wonder that many would have to resort to machine translations to get their job done. However, Japanese and English are not one to one. There's grammar, formalities that don't exist in English. For example, ちゃん、さん、様。(chan, san, sama). As well as referring to people by name rather than "you". The change in these small factors is still localization. These intricacies are something that machine translations tend not to take into account. That ends up creating a problem. The script does not end up flowing in English, which leads your readers to believe it's a poor translation. We also have to realize that some gags just don't work in English.
 

Early on in the Nichijou manga, we can see a joke about a ten key keyboard. Most English speakers do not speak a second language, so this may go over their heads. As Yuuko states that the weather "天気" (tenki), is nice, so she should buy a ten key, "テンキー" keyboard. This joke would go over most English speakers' heads, and yet this joke was kept in tact for the English manga release. This whole section is full of puns that I don't understand as a native English speaker myself. If I can't pick it up, how is a machine supposed to?

 

Sometimes putting unrelated politics into your work may be off-putting. Like in Miss Kobayashi's Dragon Maid, in episode 12, Tohru asks about her new, more conservative outfit. In the English dub, she states that due to the patriarchy. I remember seeing a lot of anitwt and ani YouTube mald over this clip. As in Japanese, Tohru asks the same question, but instead suggests Lucoa should change her body instead. Personally, I found the patriarchy joke funny, as I don't think the changing her body joke would have flown well with audiences either. It reads as body-shaming to me, and that would still turn a lot of heads. It's not 1997, but 2017. The third wave of the body positivity movement was well on its way. Highest quality clip I could find below.

 

But it still ends up being funny anyway because of the performances of the voice actresses and the scripts that they were given. 

 

Not all localization is good, though. Dragon Maid's, although controversial, still ended up sharing roughly the same message in tone and delivery. I'd like to provide a bad localization example as Smile PreCure's dub. (Glitter Force) by Saban. A majority of cultural references had been removed, and everything being Americanized to a point where Glitter Force and Smile PreCure are two different shows. With Glitter Force cutting eight out of forty-eight episodes of Smile PreCure. The localization choices in the cut episodes sadden me. Mostly relating to Japanese culture and tradition. Another cut that stuck out to me was the episode about Yayoi's late father being cut, as well as Akane crushing on a boy. Glitter Force's reception was rightfully criticized by the PreCure fandom. With Ella Anders of BSC Kids stating, "With the world being so interconnected as it is now the removal of cultural aspects was saddening. It would be such a great chance to celebrate and focus on Japanese culture." https://www.bsckids.com/2016/01/pretty-cure-glitter-force-graces-netflix/ 

 

Now, I know it's a lot cheaper to have an AI or a text scraper help you translate text. Cutting translators and localizers out of a job entirely would make for a great time, would it not? No. No it ever has and never will. Generative AI is already putting artists out of work, and Crunchyroll's transition to using AI will be disastrous for the company as a whole. Admittedly, that's why I revoked my subscription towards them. It's a gross way of saying the money is more important to you than the product you provide. In a late stage capitalism landscape, that $80 a year gets harder to justify for the bare minimum. This will only increase piracy, I fear. As people are asking for more accurate translations that read well in English. This is something GenAI and Machine Translation cannot provide.

 

Genuinely, I think we as anime and visual novel fans alike seem to forget that localization is an important part of translating a work into English. Whether that be simply changing a joke to fit current standards, or using slang like "chill" or using politically correct language to make more sense to English speakers. A machine may be able to translate, but it is unable to localize. ChatGPT and DeepL cannot accurately translate a script writer's work and prose into something that doesn't sound bland. Localization is a necessary evil if we like the way the dubs are now. Good performances and good localization makes or breaks an English release of a game or anime. I'm glad more companies are trying to keep including Japanese culture into their shows more. We are a world that's more interconnected than ever thanks to the internet, and the ability to share what makes us unique is beautiful and should be preserved.

Edited by rollingart23
Grammar and misspellings

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Entai2965

Posted

"As people are asking for more accurate translations that read well in English. This is something GenAI and Machine Translation cannot provide."

Genuinely, I think we as anime and visual novel fans alike seem to forget that localization is an important part of translating a work into English. Whether that be simply changing a joke to fit current standards, or using slang like "chill" or using politically correct language to make more sense to English speakers. A machine may be able to translate, but it is unable to localize. ChatGPT and DeepL cannot accurately translate a script writer's work and prose into something that doesn't sound bland. Localization is a necessary evil if we like the way the dubs are now."

As a counter point, if the current state of translation is far too localized and a much more literal approach would be appreciated by certain fans, like me for example, then DeepL and AI translations should provide a very welcome boost in the apparent quality of translations on a subjective level. Even non-AI, NMT translations, like Sugoi, that preserve honorifics in the translation are a huge improvement over heavily localized translations that are the status-quo, especially because a lot of the meaning of how characters interact with one another dramatically changes if they are removed. Of course that is not to say that pure MTL is acceptable, but Sugoi + a fluent English speaker editing the output is of relatively high quality and ultimately, I would rather deal with incorrect translations due to fixable software errors that are getting better over time than deal with censorship, especially around aspects unique to japanese culture, which is the norm in translations right now. Being able to revert such over localizations and say, re-insert honorifics into the translated text, which AI is capable of doing by the way, would allow it to preserve the original meaning better for those of us who actually want to know what the characters actually said, not someone else's interpretation of what they think they meant after changing the meaning for political correctness and cultural illiteracy.

AI, whether we like it or not, AI is here so stay, so learning to work with AI is more beneficial than just resenting it or resenting how certain companies use it. The best use of AI right now is to literally work with it in a collaborative process since the end result of human + AI will almost always be better than just either one alone relative to the amount of time it took to produce something of reasonable quality. I am not sure what Crunchyroll is doing, but we are in agreement that their quality can only decline if they do not use translators because the output of AI still needs to be double checked and only a translator, a human, can make the decision that the output makes sense. Used correctly, AI should be a boost to both productivity and quality, not a way to backslide quality and damage the reputation of one's brand as a result. If Crunchyroll does not understand that, it will only hurt them in the long run.

littleshogun

Posted

In the end MTL is just a tool, which mean it's up to us on how to use the tool to make legitimate translation. Of course though, considering what we have in the past it's very hard to erase the stigma of MTL, especially with on how bad they were in the past, and it would be still hard sell to use MTL anyway even if the translator did their best to edit the line. That said, at least you can still use MTL as some sort of dictionary at the absolute minimum (And even then it's debatable), as shown in My Girlfriend is Blue-Collar Work (Which has very lengthy title describing four phases of the story). Oh yes, it's interesting on how some tried to defend MTL because 'it got point across better compared to the localization', which make sense seeing the people who mention it are read the VN in Japan with them most likely use MTL to read the untranslated VN in the beginning.

For localization, well some did have their fault for sure, especially with a Shiravune translator did translate 'Onii-chan' as 'Bubby' in Kamiyaba simply because he was probably homesick at that time and remember on how their family calling their older brother as such. There's also Chrono Clock and Nukitashi, which is not concidence both are worked out by the same editor (Who already quit from the VN translation scene). I never care about anime controversy seeing I using sub anyway and even then I could try to less care about the political stuff in the sub, although Saban cases is quite special seeing they manage to make DDPC is more controversial then already is (It's related to the story and character). For elaboration, Saban removed several episodes, which won't work in DDPC seeing each episodes has some continuity hints towards the main story.

PS - By the way my stance is I still prefer to not use MTL, although it's not like I can calling out anyone who do it anyway seeing I also involved in making MTL patch of Amayui.

Clephas

Posted

My personal belief is that MTL should only be used like one would use an electric dictionary, looking up single words or phrases rather than just dumping a huge amount of text into it.  For some reason, even today's MTL engines seem to have trouble with common colloquialisms and turns of phrase.  Considering how often they are used, it is inevitable that careless usage of MTL will only produce poor results.   In addition, when I occasionally test the freely-available ones on common narrative text, the results tend to get jumbled, which is probably because most of the data they put in is based on conversational Japanese, as opposed to the language more commonly used in literature.   The results are better on dialogue but still several steps short of what can be done by a skilled translator, unfortunately.

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